Further Applications - Preventive Biomechanics - page 350

Chapter 8
Further Applications
This concluding chapter outlines various fields of application regarding tissue
interaction. The presented issues are current projects of the working groups of both
authors and have not been published yet.
8.1 Human Skin Tissue in the Cheek Region
In the literature, human facial skin tissue mechanical behaviour is described as
being dominated by the L ANGER cleavage lines (Langer 1861) and (Rubín 1948), as
well as by the wrinkle lines (Kraissl and Conway 1949) or by the relaxed skin
tension lines (R STL ) (Borges 1960). It is reported that higher stiffness is evaluated
in direction of the L ANGER cleavage lines compared to the lateral direction. Such
phenomena are said to play a dominant role during surgery and wound healing.
Mechanical optimization of a shaving head of a razor based on FE-simulations for
example, also makes use of such information since appropriate modelling of the
cheek tissue mechanical behaviour is of importance. Figure 8.1 depicts the dif-
ferent types of lines as introduced previously projected on a human face. With
regard to generation of a dedicated FE-model, these lines are to be verified via in
vivo tensile testing employing the B OSS -Procedure (cf. Chap. 2 ) (Schumann 2012).
8.2 Saddles for Bicycles and Motorcycles
The process of sitting of the human body on bicycle saddle is, considered from a
pure mechanical perspective, a function of the biomechanical tissue properties of
the single human individual as well as anatomy, body mass and kinematics on one
hand and the mechanical properties and geometry of the particular seating system
one the other hand. To objectively quantify mechanical loading on the human body