Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 5.63 Upper leg: a surface model, b-d FE-models: bone, muscles and arteria femoralis
superficialis (magenta), e FE-model: hip joint, f outer surface including skin and adipose tissue
5.3.6.2 Human Leg and Foot
The following Figs.
5.62
and
5.63
, illustrate the single steps from MR-imaging
towards FE-modelling. The reconstruction and simulation of the arteria femoralis
superficialis (AFS) was of particular interest with respect to mechanical loading
during walking and running in combination with an implanted stent device.
Figures
5.64
and
5.65
show MR-scan and finite element models of the complete
leg and foot.
5.3.6.3 B
OSS
-Models for the Rolling Motion of the Foot
Gait Analysis: To simulate the mechanical interaction of the foot, shoe and
ground during the rolling motion of the foot (walking and running), the muscu-
loskeletal system including the skeleton and the interacting soft tissue regions of
the leg (plantar tissue to hip joint) must be evaluated. The process of walking is a
repetitious pattern of the lower extremities, also referred to as 'continuous falling',
(Perry 2009). Walking is distinguished from running by a missing flight phase
where both legs partially lose contact with the ground. A single step (sequence) is
