Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Principles of Enzyme Thermistor Systems:
Applications to Biomedical and Other Measurements
Bin Xie · Kumaran Ramanathan · Bengt Danielsson
Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Center for Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
E-mail: Bengt.Danielsson@tbiokem.lth.se
This chapter presents an overview of thermistor-based calorimetric measurements. Bioanaly-
tical applications are emphasized from both the chemical and biomedical points of view. The
introductory section elucidates the principles involved in the thermometric measurements.
The following section describes in detail the evolution of the various versions of enzyme-ther-
mistor devices. Special emphasis is laid on the description of modern “mini” and “miniatur-
ized” versions of enzyme thermistors. Hybrid devices are also introduced in this section. In
the sections on applications, the clinical/biomedical areas are dealt with separately, followed
by other applications. Mention is also made of miscellaneous applications.A special section is
devoted to future developments, wherein novel concepts of telemedicine and home diag-
nostics are highlighted. The role of communication and information technology in telemedi-
cine is also mentioned. In the concluding sections, an attempt is made to incorporate the
most recent references on specific topics based on enzyme-thermistor systems.
Keywords:
Enzyme thermistor, Calorimetry, Clinical, Telemedicine, Home diagnostics.
1
Introduction
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
1.1
Fundamentals of Calorimetric Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
1.2
Principle of Calorimetric Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
1.3
The Transducer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
2
Description of Instrumentation and Procedures
. . . . . . . . . .
6
2.1
Conventional System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
2.2
Minisystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
2.2.1
Plastic Chip Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
2.2.2
Microcolumn Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
2.3
Microsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.3.1
Thermopile-Based Microbiosensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
2.3.2
Thermistor-Based Microbiosensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
2.4
Multisensing Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.5
Hybrid Biosensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
3 pplications
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.1
General Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.2
Industrial and Process Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
3.3
Clinical Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.3.1
In-Vitro Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
