Bioactive Agents from Natural Sources: Trends in Discovery and Application - Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - page 99

2.5 Anticancer Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
2.6 Drugs for Various Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

3 Clinical Candidates Derived from Natural Sources . . . . . . . . . 116
3.1 Clinical Candidates from Microorganisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
3.2 Clinical Candidates from Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
3.3 Clinical Candidates from Marine Environment . . . . . . . . . . . 118

4 Exploitation of Structural Diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
4.1 Approaches to Access Structural Diversity from Nature . . . . . . . 120
4.1.1 Physico-Chemical Screening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
4.1.2 Chemical Screening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
4.1.3 Future Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
4.2 Approaches to Enlarge Structural Diversity from Nature . . . . . . 125
4.2.1 Combinatorial Natural Product Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
4.2.2 Biological Derivatization Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

5 Developments in Drug Discovery Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . 132
5.1 Potential Impact of Genomic Sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
5.1.1 Analytical Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
5.1.2 Applicational Aspects of Gene Function Analysis . . . . . . . . . . 135
5.2 High-Throughput Screening Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
5.3 Sample Supply in High-Throughput Screening . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
5.4 Automation to Accelerate Drug Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
5.4.1 Economic Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
5.4.2 Sample Sourcing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
5.4.3 Sample Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
5.4.4 Screening Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
5.4.5 Data-Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

6 Discussions and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
6.1 Natural Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
6.2 Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

7 eferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

List of Abbreviations

BMS Bristol Myers Squibb

CAMD computer aided molecular design

cDNA complementary desoxyribonucleic acid

CE capillary electrophoresis

cGMP cyclic guanosine monophosphate

DAD diode-array detection

DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide