Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 2
Multiscale bone structure (reproduced with permission from [
75
])
method, which consists in mimicking bone dynamic behaviour at different scales.
Two main approaches develop in parallel: the first one treats bone adaptation
through its tissue evolution, whereas the second one is more focussed on
describing the complex cellular interactions operating in the remodelling process.
A review of all these computer-driven investigations of bone remodelling can be
found in Webster and Müller [
157
]. Concerning the remodelling models at the
organ or tissue scales, they are often continuum or micromechanical based and
describe the variation of bone density as a function of both biological and
mechanical stimuli. In this section, we propose on overview of these different
stimuli.
2.1 Structure of Bone Tissue
Bone is a multiscale complex structure [
16
,
17
] presenting two types of tissue (see
Fig.
2
a): i. the trabecular bone (or spongy bone), a very porous tissue (porosity
85 %), located in the interior region of bone and containing bone marrow where
hematopoiesis takes place; ii. the cortical bone (or compact bone), less porous
(porosity
3 %), located at the periphery of long bones. Representing 90 % of the
Search WWH ::
Custom Search