NANOPARTICLES FOR BIOIMAGING IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE - Intelligent Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - page 867

Xu et al. developed another fluorescent probe for imaging
of superoxide based on a nucleophilic mechanism of super-
oxide to mediate deprotection of 4',9'-bis(diphenylphosphinyl)
naphthofluorescein (PNF-1). 30 PNF-1 is a closed, nonfluorescent.
After oxidation with superoxide, it rapidly regenerates into an open
and fluorescent product. This probe exhibited a strong fluorescence
response and high specificity to superoxide over other ROS and
showed a detection limitof0.1 nM (Fig. 42.10b).
42.5 Conclusions and Outlook
ROS, such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, plays a vital role
in physiology and pathology. It is an essential oxygen metabolite
for normal physiological functions and has been implicated in many
inflammation-associated conditions. Therefore, there is great need
for the development of methodology to image ROS in cells and tis-
sues. Optical molecular imaging is a new and rapidly growing field,
in which optical probes are used for tracking and reporting func-
tional information of biological molecules. This chapter has focused
almostexclusivelyonfluorescentandluminescentimagingforimag-
ing of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide with high sensitivity and
specificity. Special emphasis was made on the rational design and
detection mechanism for hydrogen peroxide and superoxide. They
are expected to have great potential for elucidating unknown physi-
ologicalactivitiesof ROS in inflammation-associatedconditions.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by a New Faculty Support Program of
Chonbuk National University and a grant of the Korea Healthcare
TechnologyR&DProject,MinistryofHealth,Wealth&FamilyAffairs,
Republic of Korea (A084304).
References
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2. E. V. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc ., 16652 (2005).