NANOPARTICLES FOR BIOIMAGING IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE - Intelligent Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - page 857

42.2 Fluorescent Probes for Imaging of
Hydrogen Peroxide

Fluorescent probes are promising tools for revealing the biological
roles in living organisms and a number of fluorescent probes have
been developed for along time (Fig. 42.1).
A traditional fluorescent dye, 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein
(DCFH), has been extensively used to detect ROS. DCFH is oxi-
dized by ROS easily to form 2',7'dichlorofluorescein (DCF) that
can emit strong fluorescence. Amplex Red, or 10-acetyl-3,7-
dihydroxyphenoxazine, is also used to detect ROS. 5 However, these
compounds have serious limitations such as background fluores-
cence.Theytendtobeautoxidizedtoproducelargebackgroundflu-
orescence in the absence of ROS. Although they have been used to
detect ROS extensively, it remains controversial that they react with
ROS and detect individualROS. 21 - 23
The demands for new fluorescent probes that are capable
of detecting hydrogen peroxide with high sensitivity and speci-
ficity have been increasing because the significance of hydrogen

Figure 42.1. Representative and traditional fluorescent probes for ROS.