Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
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minimizationofpatient discomfort
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translucent properties to allow direct observation of heal-
ing
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reduction of healing time
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decreased rate ofinfection
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patient acceptance
Skin regeneration has been become the area to see the benefit of
tissueengineering.Inthisfield,anumberofbiomaterialsareusedas
scaffolds that may use natural or synthetic materials. For examples,
chitosan, gelatin, and HA are used as porous scaffolds
19
; collagen,
polycaprolactone (PCL)
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or fibrin-coated PCL
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and polyurethane
6
are used as biofilms or matrices; and PLGA,
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PLA, polyglycolic acid
(PGA),
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and their copolymers are used as biomeshes by microfab-
rication technology. Improvements in these biomaterials need to be
optimized.Ingeneral,themostcommonapproachistocreatethree-
dimensional(3D)biodegradablescaffoldsintheshapeoftherespec-
tive tissue. A successful 3D tissue engineering scaffold must have a
highly porous structure and good mechanical stability. High poros-
ity and an optimally designed pore size provide structural space for
cells to accommodate and migrate to the inner stage and enable
exchanging of nutrients and oxygen between the scaffold and the
environment. The studies of 3D printing and electrospinning tech-
nologies are reported for accurate manufacture, creating materi-
als of a defined pore size.
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Biomimicking technology, such as
adhesion peptides using Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequences, which is
important in integrin binding, or growth factors' incorporation into
biomatrices with nanoscale surface manipulation, has been shown
to enhancecell adhesion andmigration.
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39.3 Clinical Applications of Tissue-Engineered
Skin Products
Tissue-engineered biological dressings and skin substitutes offer
great promise in the treatment of burns, chronic ulcers, donor site
and other surgical wounds, and a variety of other dermatologi-
cal conditions. Despite large potential benefits, tissue-engineered
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