COLLAGEN-BASED SCAFFOLD FOR BONE TISSUE REGENERATION - Intelligent Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - page 772

Liao et al . 76 have reviewed biomimetic electrospun nanofibers for
tissue regeneration. Some researches on HA/collagen nanofiber
composites for bone graft are carrying out by combining self-
assembling with electrospinning methods. 77 - 79 The self-renewal
and transdifferentiation of stem cells give us a promising way to
enable tissue engineering for clinical application. Liao et al . 80 have
reviewed stem cells and biomimetic materials strategies for tis-
sue engineering. In-depth mechanisms on the signaling pathway of
stem cells will provide guidance in engineering stem cell/scaffold
construct for tissue regeneration. Progress in the understanding
of self-renewal and directed differentiation of stem cells on bio-
mimetic materials will also lead scientists to propose the possibility
of cell-based therapies to treat diseases, including the use of stem
cells in tissue engineering. In the future, more and more advanced
technologies and strategies will be introduced to develop the ideal
biomimetic-mineralized collagen composites for bone repair and
regeneration. We can look forward to soon entering an exciting new
era in the availability of biomimetic bone graft materials for the
enhancement of orthopedic surgery.
37.5 Conclusions and Outlook
On the basis of discussing the component and hierarchical struc-
ture in natural bone tissue, we described the biomemitic fabri-
cation of collagen-based bone tissue engineering scaffolds using
self-assembled collagen mineralization and reviewed their cur-
rent applications and development in bone tissue regeneration.
Some basic questions concerning the composition, microstructure,
crystallography, and organic-inorganic phase relationships have
been reviewed in this article. Although great progress has been
made in the research on the nanostructure of self-assembling, min-
eralized collagen composites in natural bone and the biomemitic
fabricationofscaffoldmaterials,therearestillmanyopenquestions,
including the formation of a hierarchical nanostructure, the con-
trolofmorphology,theincorporationofforeignions,theinteraction
with biomolecules, and the assembly of the organic and inorganic
phases, which are still not well understood. Future research should