Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 35
TISSUE ENGINEERING AND ANTI-AGING
Minoru Ueda
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine,
Nagoya University 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya Aichi, Japan
mueda@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp
35.1 Introduction
For the elimination of facial wrinkles and skin contour defects,
injectable filler substances composed of commercially prepared
materialsarenowwidelyavailable.Injectablesoft-tissuesubstitutes
provide an affordable nonsurgical alternative for the correction of
facialsignsofaging.Thesearchforanidealsubstituteforfacialsoft-
tissueaugmentation hasbeen an ongoingeffortfor manyyears. The
idealsoft-tissuefillershouldbenonantigenic,noninflammatory,sta-
ble after injection, nonmigratory, nontoxic, noncarcinogenic, biolog-
ically inert, long lasting but resorbable, and easy to apply. 1 In the
past there have been three types of soft-tissue fillers: autologous,
allogenic,andsynthetic.Goodresultshavebeenreportedwithautol-
ogous fat transplants, although resorption rates are high, postop-
erative down time is long, and better results can be achieved by
repeated sessions. Injectable bovine collagen was the first mate-
rial successfully used as a dermal filler, and the armamentarium
nowincludessyntheticandotherprotein-basedmaterials.However,
 
 
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