Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
the Wake Forest University by employing peroxide salts to generate
oxygen that is directly supplied for cell regeneration purpose.
43
,
44
In their work, an oxygen-generating salt was directly incorporated
inthescaffoldconstructedusingbiodegradablepolymer.Theirmost
recent study showed such scaffolds manage to extend cell viability
under hypoxic conditions for at least 10 days, allowing increased
cell survivability while the neovascularization mechanism is being
established after implantation.
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32.3 Oxygen-Releasing Microspheres (ORMs)
32.3.1
TheStateoftheArt
Nature often offers examples of systems having smart materials
and working mechanisms, which can be used as learning models in
attempts to produce innovations that fulfill the needs of daily life.
The mimicking effort no doubt is challenging but gives the most
promisingpotentialofsuccessinapplicationforvariousareas,espe-
cially those biologically related. The same approach is required in
the interest of developing ORMs for e
cient cell survival. Plan-
ning and implementation should be based upon concrete scientific
knowledge that can make integration between connecting working
mechanisms work, while having smooth flow of operational steps
in a chronological manner. In addition, there is a need to consider
those basic aspects that are related in such development, as sum-
marized in Table 32.1, based on practicality, relying on knowledge
and experience supports, hands-on facilities, and financial status. A
simplemethodinvolvinglow-costmaterialsbutachievingtheobjec-
tive of producing microspheres that release oxygen and are safe to
biologicalsystems ispreferable.
As listed in Table 32.1, several main factors are required to be
consideredindesigningnovelORMs.Thefirsteffortisinidentifying
suitable, clean oxygen sources that can be encapsulated and release
oxygenuponbeingactivated.Thesecanbechemicalcompoundsthat
decompose into products having oxygen or biological substances
that undergo bioactivity such as photosynthesis, which generates
oxygen. The direct usage of oxygen gas is seen as unpractical in this
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