SOLID FREEFORM FABRICATION METHOD APPLIED TO TISSUE SCAFFOLDS - Intelligent Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - page 627

Figure 31.16. Photomicrographs of SSLS-PLA generated scaffolds. Opti-
cal image of a mandibular scaffold generated by SSLS-PLA (a), prototype
SSLS-PLA scaffolds (b), SEM microphotograph of individual SSLS-PLA scaf-
fold structures (c), in vitro cell growth characterization on SSLS-PLA; rep-
resentative images of adherence and viability of fetal femur-derived cells
on SSLS-PLA scaffolds as evidenced by labeling of the cell viability marker
CMFDA and negligible EH-1 (necrosis) marker in extended culture, 7 days
postseedingontoSSLS-PLAscaffolds(d).BareSSLS-PLAscaffoldincompar-
ison to (e) fetal femur-derived cell-seeded scaffolds, which expressed high
activity of alkaline phosphatase (f) 7 days postseeding. Original magnifica-
tions100 (d-f).Scale bars

=

5mm(c),50lm(c)and500lm(d). 56

each particle. This process leads to localized surface heating. Alter-
ing the laser intensity and laser beam scanning speed enables the
reproducible fabrication of 3D polymer scaffolds with specific
shapes and internal structures (Fig. 31.16).
Hollander et al . reported a direct laser forming (DLF) tech-
nology, which enables prompt modeling of metal parts with high
bulk density. 57 They tested DLF-produced material on the basis
of the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V because of its applicability as a
hard tissue biomaterial. They also investigated mechanical and
structural properties. Finally, they cultured human osteoblasts on
nonporous and porous blasted DLF-Ti-6Al-4V specimens to study
the morphology, vitality, proliferation, and differentiation of the
cells.