Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
(width) × 13.5 mm (height) and 61% porosity were manufactured
usingdifferentpatterns(0 /60 /120 and0 /72 /144 /36 /108 ),
to give a honeycomb-like pattern of triangular and polygonal
pores, respectively. The scaffolds with a 0 /60 /120 lay-down
pattern had a compressive stiffness and yield strength of 41.9
±
0.1 MPa, respectively. In comparison, the scaf-
folds with a 0 /72 /144 /36 /108 lay-down pattern had a com-
pressive stiffness and yield strength of 20.2
3.5 and 3.1
±
±
±
0.1
MPa, respectively. In vitro studies over a period of three to four
weeks showed that PCL scaffolds are biocompatible with human
fibroblasts and periosteal cell culture systems. This result shows
that FDM allows for the design and fabrication of highly repro-
ducible biodegradable 3D scaffolds with a fully interconnected pore
network.
Zein et al . demonstrated the e cacy of the commercialized
FDM technique for scaffold design and fabrication. Scaffolds with
regular geometrical honeycomb pores were manufactured with
pore/channel sizes ranging from 160 to 700 μ m and with porosi-
ties of 48%-77%. 30 The mechanical properties of these scaffolds
were found to be generally dependent on porosity, regardless of the
lay-down pattern and channel size. These results are in agreement
withtheoreticalconceptsonthestructure-propertyrelationshipsof
porous solids.
Cao et al . demonstrated successful in vitro co-culturing of
osteoblasts and chondrocytes on PCL scaffolds for more than 50
daysusingacommercializedFDMapparatus. 31 Rectangular-shaped,
honeycomb-like scaffolds were fabricated with a three-angle lay-
down pattern (0 /60 /120 ). The porosity ranged from 60% to
65%, and the pore size ranged from 300 to 580
1.7 and 2.4
×
3.2 mm PCL scaffold was partitioned vertically into two halves with
a gap between them. One-half (the bone compartment) of the parti-
tionedscaffoldwasdesignatedforbonemarrowstromalcell(BMSC)
seeding, and the other half (the cartilage compartment) was desig-
nated for chodrocyte seeding. It was reported that both osteoblasts
and chodrocytes produce a rich extracellular matrix (ECM) in their
respective scaffold compartments. At the interface region, a mix-
tureofcelltypeswasobserved.Therefore,itwasdemonstratedthat
3D porous PCL scaffolds produced by FDM are biocompatible, as
μ
×
m. The 10
10
 
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