Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
(b)
(a)
Figure 31.2.
(a) MSTL system and (b) SEM image of 3D high-accuracy
scaffolds.
7
Abbreviation
: SEM, scanning electron microscopy.
PPF was first synthesized in 1988 by Sanderson
et al
.through
thetransesterificationofdiethylfumarateandpropyleneglycolwith
a para-toluene sulfonic acid catalyst.
5
The mechanical properties of
synthetic PPF are similar to those of trabecular bone. Since the first
trial of UV polymerization using a conventional SL system by A.G.
Mikos,
6
several similar attempts have been made to use this tech-
niquefortissue engineering.
Lee
et al
. reported a series of studies on the fabrication of high-
precisionscaffoldsfortissueengineeringapplicationsusingPPFand
MSTLtechnologies.Thesefabricatedscaffoldsareextremelyprecise
(to a few tenths of a micron), and these levels of precision cannot
be realized with any other conventional fabrication method (e.g.,
salt-leaching and gas-forming methods). In addition, the pores are
completely interconnected with each other.
7
The mechanical prop-
erties and cell a
nities of the fabricated scaffolds were analyzed
(Fig.31.2)
7
,
8
revealingthatthecelladhesionandproliferationcapa-
bility were substantially enhanced through surface modification
processes such as biomimetic apatite coating and the attachment
of various peptides.
9
Another recent study reported the fabrica-
tionofscaffoldsthatgraduallysecretebonemorphogeneticprotein-
2(BMP-2) during degradation.
10
Lee
et al
.analyzedthesolidificationcharacteristicsandmanufac-
turability of PPF according to the amount of diethyl fumarate (DEF)
that was added to PPF asa cross-linkingagent (Fig. 31.3).
11
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