Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
for vascular scaffolds are used
in vivo
, optimization of the balance
of material absorption and tissue regeneration is the most impor-
tant and most di
cult issue. Development of biodegradable elas-
tomers, which do not cause compliance mismatches at early stages
of implantation, isrequired.
26.2.6
Prospects of Designing a Scaffold for Cardiovascular
Tissue Engineering
The requirements for scaffold materials for cardiovascular tis-
sue engineering are excellent biocompatibility, adequate mechan-
ical properties, good texture that has easy surgical handling and
optimized timing of material absorption, and tissue regeneration.
To improve scaffold materials, various manipulations have been
tested such as ECM coating (e.g., collagen, fibronectin), drug coat-
ing (e.g., heparin, Argatroban), growth factor linking (e.g., basic
fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth fac-
tor (VEGF), chemical treatment (e.g., argon-plasma), and peptides
(e.g., the Arg-Gly-Asp [RGD] sequence). It is known that drugs can
be capsulated directly into electrospun nanoscaled fibers, and these
systems showed sustained release of the drug.
28
,
29
The use of elec-
trospun fibers as drug carriers holds promise for future biomedical
applications, especially scaffolds for tissue engineering. We devel-
opedanovel,controlleddrugdeliverydevicetopreventanastomotic
strictureusingelectrospinningnanofibers,whichwerecomposedof
biodegradable polymers and Tacrolimus.
25
In the future, intellectu-
ally multifunctional scaffolds may be developed for cardiovascular
tissue grafts.
26.3 Scaffold Design for Hard-Tissue Engineering:
Alveolar Bone
26.3.1
Bone Reconstruction/Regeneration in Orthopedic
and Oral Applications
Bone defects that do not heal spontaneously require bone recon-
struction. Although autologous bone grafting is the current gold
standard for reconstruction of relatively large bone defects,
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