Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
O
O
-OOC
COO-
O
O
OH OH
HO HO
O
Ca2+
O
COO-
-OOC
O
O
HO HO
OH
OH
O
O
Figure 1.6.
Schematic representation of the guluronate junction zone in
alginate; egg-box model. The circles represent calcium ions.
immune response and the lack of complete degradation, since algi-
nate isnotnativeto the human body.
1
,
20
Many researchers have studied the encapsulation of chondro-
cytes. Growth plate chondrocytes, fetal chondrocytes, and bone
marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells have been encapsulated
in alginate.
20
In each system, the chondrocytes demonstrated a
differentiated phenotype, producing ECM and retaining cell mor-
phology of typical chondrocytes. Also, novel hybrid composites
such as alginate/agarose (a thermosensitive polysaccharide), algi-
nate/fibrin,alginate/collagen,andalginate/hyaruronicacidanddif-
ferent gelling agents (water, sucrose, sodium chloride, and calcium
sulfate) were investigated to optimize the advantages of each com-
ponentmaterialforthetissue-engineeredcartilage.
20
−
22
Asaresult,
this hybrid material can offer the reason why the microenviron-
ments of composite materials affect chondrogenesis. For the appli-
cation of alginate to regenerative medicine and tissue engineering,
the purification of alginateisextremely important.
27
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