CONSIDERATIONS ON THE STRUCTURE OF BIOMATERIALS FOR SOFT- AND HARD-TISSUE ENGINEERING - Intelligent Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - page 516

Figure 26.4. Appearance, SEM images, and biocompatibility of electro-
spun scaffolds with an inner diameter of 3 mm for small-caliber vascu-
lar grafts. PLA scaffolds (a, d, g), PCL scaffolds (b, e, h), and PLA with
elastin scaffolds (c, f, i). SEM showed that PLA scaffolds had many crevices
(d) and cells entered the wall of the scaffold (g) when stained histolog-
ically. On the other hand, PCL and PLA with elastin did not have many
crevices (e, f), so the cells attached only to the surface of the scaffolds (h, i).
Abbreviations :SEM,scanningelectronmicroscopy;PLA,polylacticacid;PLC,
poly(

ε

-caprolactone). See also Color Insert.

adhesion, morphology, proliferation, endocytotic activity, motility,
and geneexpression of variouscell types. 25

26.2.4 How to Create Scaffolds for Tissue-Engineered
Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts Using Electrospun
Nanofibers
We have generated four types of scaffolds for tissue-engineered,
small-calibervascular grafts using electrospun nanofibers.

Preparation for polylactic acid (PLA) or poly( ε -caprolactone) (PCL)
tubelike scaffolds: A solution consisting of PLA or PCL and
methylene chloride was loaded into a 1 mL syringe equipped with
a blunt-end 18-gauge needle. The needle was clamped to the posi-
tive electrode of an electrospinning apparatus, and a voltage range
of 10-15 kV was applied. The charged polymer was spun toward