Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 26.3.
In vitro
and
in vivo
biocompatibility of decellularized scaf-
folds. Endothelial cells (EC) and myofibroblasts were seeded inside and
outside a decellularized ureter, respectively, and were cultured for 5 days.
Immunohistochemical staining showed factor VIII-positive cells in a mono-
layer (a) and multilayered
-smooth muscle actin-positive cells (d) inside
and outside the decellularized scaffold. Decellularized scaffolds removed
24 weeks after implantation (canine carotid arterial replacement model).
ThemacrofindingsofEC-seededgraftsshowednothrombusformationand
revealedasmoothandglisteningsurface(b).Thesectionoftheanastomotic
sitewasstainedwithhematoxylin-eosin(c).Histologicalfindingsofdecellu-
larized scaffolds revealed complete re-endothelialization by immunohisto-
chemicalstainingoffactorVIII(e).However,theabsenceofasmoothmuscle
layer in the wall of decellularized ureters was confirmed by immunohisto-
chemicalstainingwith
α
-smoothmuscleactin(f).Scalebar
=
200
μ
m(from
Ref. 17, Narita
et al
., 2008).See also ColorInsert.
α
26.2.3
Biodegradable Synthetic Polymer Scaffolds for
Tissue-Engineered Small-Caliber Vascular Grafts
Scaffolds with biodegradable synthetic polymers can be manufac-
tured artificially, which enables low-cost production compared with
natural scaffolds such as decellularized scaffolds. We have devel-
oped a scaffold with electrospun nanoscaled fibers for cardio-
vascular tissue engineering, including small-caliber vascular grafts
(Fig. 26.4). Scaffolds based on nanofibers offer great advantages
for tissue engineering. They mimic the ECM (50-500 nm diame-
ter fibers) and serve as a three-dimensional matrix for growing
cells.
21
-
24
It is known that nanoscaled fibers also affect cellular
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