Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 24.1. Typical examples of 3D polymeric matrices in hepatic tissue
engineering.
Typeof scaffolds
Structureof corematerials
Preparation method
References
77
-
79
Macroporous
biodegradable,
sponges
PLLA,PLGA
Particulateleaching
,
80
81
Microcarriers
Dextranwith conjugated
typeI collagen
Commercial available
,
,
83
Microcapsules
Alginate/polylysine
Poly(hydroxylethyl
methacrylate-co-methyl
methacrylate-co-
methylacrylicacid)/methyl
ated collagen
70
82
Polyelectrolyte
complexation
84
,
85
Nanofibers
Poly(
ε
-caprolactone-co-
ethylethylenephosphate),
chitosan, PuraMatrix
Electrospinning
73
-
75
,
86
Hydrogels
Chitosan, alginate,
alginate/chitosan, PEG,
PuraMatrix
In situ
gelation,
freeze-drying,
Abbreviations:
PLLA, poly(
L
-lactid acid); PLGA, poly(
DL
-lactic-
co
-glycolicacid).
used for the encapsulation of hepatocyte aggregates in a 3D context
via
in situ
gelation.
71
In situ
gelation often faces a dilemma in engi-
neering large tissue constructs, between providing adequate matrix
support and maximizing transport of nutrient, gas, and metabolite
wastes. The capability of entrapped cells to migrate is also an issue
to be addressed. Recent progress has evidenced the efforts in com-
bining
in situ
gelation with microfabrication to form multilayered
structures to tackle these issues.
72
Alternatively, hepatocytes can
grow in preformed, macroporous hydrogels to form spheroids in a
spatially distributed manner. One typical example is macroporous
alginatehydrogels.
73
-
75
Themacroporous structureofscaffoldsina
physiological relevant condition, in terms of porosity, pore size,
and interconnectivity, together with other physiochemical proper-
ties, is critical to the cellular functions of hepatocyte spheroids. One
advantage of the hydrogel-borne spheroids is that the formation of
spheroids within well-defined pore-size polymeric scaffolds could
limitspheroidsizestoabetterextentthanincellsuspensionand2D
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