Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
The promotion of tendon graft incorporation within the bone
tunnel was also tested by HA-PEO hydrogels grafted with BMP-2 by
themethodofphotopolymerization.
88
HA-BMP-2complexwasused
to stimulate periosteal progenitor cells to direct fibro-cartilagenous
attachment and new bone formation in an extra-articular tendon-
bonehealingmodel.PEO-diacrylatewithHA-BMP-2wasturnedinto
a HA-PEO hydrogel byphoto-polymerization.
The HA-Pluoronic F127 hydrogel was also synthesized by Shu-
Hui Hsu
et al.
for its applications in drug delivery.
89
Fabrication of
the HA-PVA hydrogel, another example of an HA-synthetic polymer
hybrid scaffold, was discussed in the previous HA-aldehyde session
in detail.
9.6 Conclusions and Outlook
Recognition and discoveries of the physicochemical andbiological
properties of HA and its applications in tissue engineering, cell
delivery and pharmaceuticals has led to the development of many
novel and promising synthesis strategies of HA-derivatives and HA-
based hydrogels and scaffolds. The modified HA has been applied
as biomaterials for orthopedics, anti-adhesion barrier, cardiovascu-
lar disease, ophthalmology, dermatology and wound healing, neural
and glial, drug/cell delivery and various tissue engineering. This
overview of the methods of HA chemical modification based on its
chemistry and biology as well as the methods of hydrogel fabrica-
tion described earlier illustrates diverse HA hydrogel systems and
its possible applications. While some approaches have been exten-
sively evaluated on their biocompatibility and
in vivo
potential in
tissue engineering and therapeutic applications, leading to their
commercialization in visco-elastic hydrogels such as Synvisc
R
from
Biomatrix, OrthoVisc
R
from OrthoBiotech and Hyalgan
R
from Fida
forinjectionsforosteoarthritisandinimplantsofartificialintraocu-
larlenssuchasHealon
R
fromAdvancedMedicalOpticsandOpegan
R
R
from Seikagaku, others are still under progress such as recently
carriersforstemcelldelivery.WhethersomeoftheHA-basedhydro-
gels will make it to the clinic will depend on the choice of right bio-
compatible HA-derivatives, and their
in vivo
performance in specific
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