Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table8.1. Predictedandobservedorderoferrorsforeigen-
values based on various combinations of stiffness and mass
matrices.
Predicted order of error in representing
Observederror for
λ
λ
Type
K
M
O ( h 2 )
O ( h 4 )
O ( h 2 )
O ( h 2 )
k2r-m2c
O ( h 2 )
O ( h 2 )
O ( h 2 )
O ( h 2 )
k2r-m2l
O ( h 2 )
O ( h 6 )
O ( h 2 )
O ( h 2 )
k3e-m3c
O ( h 2 )
O ( h 4 )
O ( h 2 )
O ( h 2 )
k3e-m3l
O ( h 4 )
O ( h 6 )
O ( h 3 )
O ( h 3 )
k3r-m3a
k3e-m3b
O ( h 5 )
O ( h 7 )
O ( h 4 )
O ( h 7 )
k3r-m3d
O ( h 7 )
O ( h 8 )
O ( h 6 )
O ( h 8 )
Note: The rapid conversion of O ( h 2 )to O ( h 4 ) by ion-molecule reactions.
Source: Takagi (1996).
because the polymerization conditions are su ciently mild (low
lightintensity,shortirradiationtime,physiologicaltemperature,and
low organic solvent levels) to be carried out in the presence of cells
and tissues.
8.2.1 Photoinitiators of Photocurable Hydrogel
Being the simplest diatomic molecule, it is natural that H 2 and its
isotopomers represent benchmark systems for dissociative recom-
bination,inparticularwithrespecttothecomparisonofexperiment
and theory. The experimental and theoretical studies of DR of H 2
and its isotopomers in their zeroth vibrational levels are described
in some detail in two recent reviews, 2 , 25 and only a brief summary
of the present situation willbegivenhere (Fig. 8.3) 16 , 26 , 27 .
8.3 Photopolymerizable Materials
Polymerization of monomers using visible or UV irradiation has
been thoroughly investigated. 16 , 28 While such systems work well
for many applications, they cannot be generally utilized in tissue
engineering because most monomers are cytotoxic. As a result,
photopolymerizable hydrogels for tissue engineering applications
 
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