Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table8.1. Predictedandobservedorderoferrorsforeigen-
values based on various combinations of stiffness and mass
matrices.
Predicted order of error in representing
Observederror for
λ
λ
Type
K
M
O
(
h
2
)
O
(
h
4
)
O
(
h
2
)
O
(
h
2
)
k2r-m2c
O
(
h
2
)
O
(
h
2
)
O
(
h
2
)
O
(
h
2
)
k2r-m2l
O
(
h
2
)
O
(
h
6
)
O
(
h
2
)
O
(
h
2
)
k3e-m3c
O
(
h
2
)
O
(
h
4
)
O
(
h
2
)
O
(
h
2
)
k3e-m3l
O
(
h
4
)
O
(
h
6
)
O
(
h
3
)
O
(
h
3
)
k3r-m3a
k3e-m3b
O
(
h
5
)
O
(
h
7
)
O
(
h
4
)
O
(
h
7
)
k3r-m3d
O
(
h
7
)
O
(
h
8
)
O
(
h
6
)
O
(
h
8
)
Note:
The rapid conversion of
O
(
h
2
)to
O
(
h
4
) by ion-molecule reactions.
Source:
Takagi (1996).
because the polymerization conditions are su
ciently mild (low
lightintensity,shortirradiationtime,physiologicaltemperature,and
low organic solvent levels) to be carried out in the presence of cells
and tissues.
8.2.1
Photoinitiators of Photocurable Hydrogel
Being the simplest diatomic molecule, it is natural that H
2
and its
isotopomers represent benchmark systems for dissociative recom-
bination,inparticularwithrespecttothecomparisonofexperiment
and theory. The experimental and theoretical studies of DR of H
2
and its isotopomers in their zeroth vibrational levels are described
in some detail in two recent reviews,
2
,
25
and only a brief summary
of the present situation willbegivenhere (Fig. 8.3)
16
,
26
,
27
.
8.3 Photopolymerizable Materials
Polymerization of monomers using visible or UV irradiation has
been thoroughly investigated.
16
,
28
While such systems work well
for many applications, they cannot be generally utilized in tissue
engineering because most monomers are cytotoxic. As a result,
photopolymerizable hydrogels for tissue engineering applications
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