Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 4.1.
Osteoblastadhesiononto(a)anHAmatrixand(b)aCaZnMgP
matrix after24 hours.
Minerals like zinc and magnesium are known to aid bone growth,
calcification, and bone density.
21
,
22
Biphasic calcium phosphate
ceramics containing zinc also promotes osteoblastic cell activity
in
vitro
.
23
The present investigation demonstrates that the cells are
spreading well on the matrix containing an optimum amount of cal-
cium, zinc, and magnesium. It seems that the presence of calcium
and magnesium encourages the spreading and adhesivity of oseto-
blasts cells onto bioceramic matrices. Cells are attached and spread
completely on the ZnCaMgP matrix, and this matrix appears to be
comparable to the HA matrix, as shown in Fig. 4.1. This makes the
ZnCaMgP matrix a promising candidate as a bone tissue engineer-
ing scaffold similar to HA. Further, since the ceramic matrices are
made from nanoparticles, it mimics the way nature itself lays down
minerals.
Nanofibers up to a size range of 240 nm have been developed
on the basis of the sol-gel and electrospinning technique, and bioce-
ramic matrices have been developed for possible tissue engineering
applications.
24
Attemptshavebeenmadetocultureosteoblastsonto
a nano-HA ceramic matrix. This
in vitro
cultured bone may show
further bone-forming capability after
in vivo
implantation. This
tissue engineering approach is being tried on patients with skele-
tal problems.
25
Adhesion of osteoblasts, synthesis of alkaline phos-
phatase, and deposition of calcium-containing mineral increased on
PLGAscaffoldscontainingnanophasetitania,emphasizingtheutility
of nanotechnologyin orthopedic tissueengineering materials.
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