Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 3
Shuilin Wu,
a,b
Xiangmei Liu,
a,b
Paul K. Chu,
a
∗
Tao Hu,
a
Kelvin W. K. Yeung,
a
Jonathan C. Y. Chung,
a
and Zushun Xu
a,b
a
Department of Physics & Material Science, City University of Hong Kong,
Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
b
Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of
Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
*paul.chu@cityu.edu.hk
It is necessary for ideal bone implant materials to possess a hier-
archical structure. This chapter describes the fabrication of three-
dimensional (3D), hierarchical, porous titanium (Ti)-based metal
scaffolds that fully resemble the natural structure of bones from
the macro to nano scale. The fabrication process is based on
the chemical reaction between the spontaneous titanium oxide
layer on the exposed surface and a concentrated sodium hydrox-
ide (NaOH) solution. A nanoskeleton layer forms on the complex
surface, and subsequently one-dimensional (1D) nano titanate
belts and wires directly grow on this layer. This hierarchical
structure resembles the lowest level of hierarchical organiza-
tion of human bone tissues. The nanostructured surface exhibits
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