Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
9.11 Macroscopic and histological view of a three-layer nanostructured
osteochondral scaffold (Fin-Ceramica SpA, Faenza, Italy).
accumulation of fluid beneath the skin). Subchondral oedema was almost non-
visible after 12 months [92]. Genzyme (Cambridge, MA) has also commer-
cialized a collagen type I and autologous chondrocyte composite (MACI
Õ
) for
cartilage repair, which has successfully treated more than 20 000 patients
globally. The Carticel
Õ
procedure for MACI
Õ
was the first cell therapy ever
approved by the FDA.
Bio-inspired self-assembled nanomaterials
Based on nanotechnology, another promising biomaterial for the orthopedic
implantation community has emerged recently from bio-inspired self-assembled
nanomaterials. For example, rosette nanotubes (RNTs, Fig. 9.12) are novel
biomimetic self-assembled supramolecular structures, whose basic building
9.12 Rosette nanotubes undergo spontaneous self-assembly under
physiological conditions. (Adapted and redrawn from Fenniri et al. [93] and
Chun et al. [94, 95].)
