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antibodies cross-react in patients with cancer-associated retinopathy.
118,119
Finally, arrestin1 is a causative agent in uveitis, a T-cell-mediated autoim-
mune disease that results in inflammation of the retina.
120
In fact, it is in this
role that arrestin1 was first discovered and described as “retinal S-antigen,”
the
soluble antigen
causing uveitis.
1,2
8. THE FUTURE FOR VISUAL ARRESTINS
Although much has been learned about the role of the visual arrestins
in the eye over the past four decades since the arrestins were first discovered,
it is clear from many of the recent discoveries that arrestin1 and arrestin4
have complex roles in rod and cone photoreceptors. Clearly, the visual
arrestins are not only central to quenching phototransduction in rods and
cones but also play diverse roles in regulating metabolism and scaffolding
elements in other signaling cascades. Understanding how all of these func-
tions of arrestin1 and arrestin4 are coordinated will be essential for not only
understanding how photoreceptors function but also for elucidating the role
of visual arrestins in visual system pathologies and how they might be used
therapeutically in the future.
REFERENCES
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