The Role of Arrestins in Development - Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science - page 219

Arrb1

Mus musculus
Rattus norvegicus
Homo sapiens
Bos taurus

Xenopus laevis

Danio rerio

b Arr1

Homo sapiens

chr.11

b Arr1

Mus musculus

chr.7

Rattus norvegicus

b Arr1

chr.1

b Arr1

Xenopus tropicalis

GL174850.1 GL173361.1 GL173305.1 GL172913.1

b rrb1

Danio rerio

chr.10 chr.15 chr.21

Arrb2

Xenopus laevis
Xenopus tropicalis
Danio rerio_a
Danio rerio_b

B os taurus
M us musculus
Rattus norvegicus
Homo sapiens

Homo sapiens

b Arr2

chr.17

Mus musculus b Arr2

chr.11

Rattus norvegicus b Arr2

Xenopus tropicalis b Arr2

GL172659.1 GL173518.1 GL173293.1

b Arr2b

Danio rerio

chr.5 chr.7 chr.23

b Arr2a

chr.10

Figure 9.1 Conservation of vertebrate b-arrestins (barrs). Phylogenetic and synteny
analyses show the significant conservation of vertebrate arrestins. However, the phylo-
genetic analyses clearly indicate that barrs from aquatic species are somewhat distinct
from mammalian barrs. Upper panel: Comparison of barr1 (Arrb1) in different species.
On the chromosomal level, evolutionary conservation of b arr1 can be seen. The frag-
mented appearance of the Xenopus and zebrafish locus is due to the partially assembled
genomes in these species. Lower panels: comparison of barr2 (Arrb2). Note that in
zebrafish, the

b arr2

gene is duplicated.

with reduced expression of the glucocorticoid receptor. 9,10 Consistent with
these findings, mice deficient in glucocorticoid receptors die perinatally of
respiratory failure, 11 similar to the arr1/2 double KO mice. Furthermore,

glucocorticoid receptors in the lung epithelium have been implicated in the
production of surfactant. 12 At present, however, little is known about the
signaling defects involved in the perinatal lethality of

b

b arr1/2 double KO