Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Implications for a Global Health Governance Framework
In light of the above-mentioned national, regional, and global responses to the
onslaught of the HIv/aIDS epidemic in the region, it is imperative to identify how
to integrate them within the global health governance framework to help achieve
the desired goal: the halt and eventual eradication of the disease. this could perhaps
best be contextualised and framed within a well-planned, effective, and sustainable
system responsiveness and transformation process. In order to do this, challenges,
responses, and innovative tools are explored here in some detail.
Challenges
tracing the processes and pathways of a physical health challenge and its impact
on those at the epicentre of the world's devastating HIv/aIDS epidemic requires
an in-depth understanding of the magnitude of the problem. Sub-Saharan africa
encompasses 68 percent (approximately 22.5 million) of all people living with
the deadly virus. Moreover, the devastating HIv/aIDS disease affects roughly
20 percent of the population between the ages of 15 and 49 in a large number of
southern african states.
Humans remain the source of this attrition disease. However, controlling
transmission of the deadly disease is possible through changes in sexual behaviour,
consistent usage of condoms, and government-funded educational and counselling
programmes that address HIv/aIDS issues openly. this has been successfully
demonstrated in Zimbabwe where the availability of medical care and treatment
Table 8-3: The Impact of HIv/AIDS on HIv-Related Health Services in
Southern Africa
(In percent of gross domestic product)
Palliative care
and prevention
of opportunistic
infections
clinical
treatment of
opportunistic
infections
cost of
highly active
antiretroviral
therapy
total HIv-related
health services,
for assumed rates
of coverage
2000
2010
2000
2010
2000
2010
2000
2010
botswana
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.5
0.5
0.9
lesotho
0.1
0.3
0.5
1.0
0.7
2.0
1.3
3.2
Malawi
0.4
0.5
1.5
2.0
2.4
4.0
4.3
6.5
Mozambique
0.3
0.5
1.1
1.8
1.7
3.6
3.0
5.9
namibia
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.6
0.4
0.9
1.7
7.5
South africa
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.5
0.3
0.9
Swaziland
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.8
0.5
1.1
1.0
2.1
Zambia
0.2
0.2
0.8
0.9
1.3
1.7
2.3
2.8
Zimbabwe
0.2
0.3
0.8
1.1
1.1
2.2
2.1
3.5
Source: Haacker (2001).
