Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 11.2
Calcium Orthophosphate Reinforcements for Bioactive Polymer Composites
Crystal
Structure
Llog (K
sp
)
a
Ca/P
Abbreviation
Chemical Formula
Chemical Name
Mineral Name
0.50
MCPA
Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
Monocalcium phosphate,
anhydrous
1.14
[36]
Triclinic
0.50
MCPM
Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
$H
2
O
Monocalcium phosphate
monohydrate
1.14
[36]
Triclinic
1.0
DCPA
CaHPO
4
Dicalcium phosphate,
anhydrous
Monetite
6.90
[37]
Triclinic
1.0
DCPD
CaHPO
4
$2H
2
O
Dicalcium phosphate
dihydrate
Brushite
6.59
[38]
Monoclinic
1.33
OCP
Ca
8
H
2
(PO
4
)
6
$5H
2
O
Octacalcium phosphate
96.6
[39]
Triclinic
Ca
x
H
y
(PO
4
)
z
$nH
2
O
b
1.15e1.5
ACP
Amorphous calcium
phosphate
25e28
[40]
Amorphous
1.5
-TCP
-Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
-Tricalcium phosphate
25.5
[41]
Monoclinic
a
a
a
1.5
b
-TCP
b
-Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
b
-Tricalcium phosphate
Whitlockite
28.9
[42]
Rhombohedral
1.5e1.67
cdHA
Ca
10x
(HPO
4
)
x
(PO
4
)
6x
(OH)
2x
c
Calcium-deficient
hydroxyapatite
~85.1
[43]
Hexagonal
1.67
HA, HAp
Ca
10
(PO
4
)
6
(OH)
2
Calcium hydroxyapatite
Hydroxyapatite
116.8
[44]
Hexagonal
1.67
FAp
Ca
10
(PO
4
)
6
F
2
Calcium fluoroapatite
Fluoroapatite
121.0
[45]
Hexagonal
~1.67
CO
3
Ap
Ca
10
(PO
4
)
6
(OH)
22x
(CO
3
)
x
d
Carbonated hydroxyapatite
Dahllite
102.8
[46]
Hexagonal
2.0
TTCP, TetCP
Ca
4
(PO
4
)
2
O
Tetracalcium phosphate
Hilgenstockite
38.0
[47]
Monoclinic
a
Measured or calculated at 25
C.
b
n ΒΌ 3e4.5.
c
0
<
x
<
1.
d
A-type carbonate substitution for hydroxyls is shown. Carbonate may also substitute for phosphate (B-type). Therefore, a more general chemical formula for A- or B-type substitution
is Ca
102x/3
(PO
4
)
6x
(CO
3
)
x
(OH)
2x/3
.
