Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
OC
8
H
17
CN
R
R
N
B
N
N
N
B
R
R
NC
OC
8
H
17
PP-I
R = F
l
abs
= 754 nm
e
= 205,000 M
-
1
cm
-
1
l
em
= 773 nm
F
f
= 0.59
Solvent: chloroform
Refs. 164,165
PP-II
R = Ph
l
abs
= 819 nm
e
= 250,000 M
-
1
cm
-
1
l
em
= 831 nm
F
f
= 0.53
Solvent: chloroform
Refs. 164,165
Chart 3.4 Structures and optical properties of pyrrolopyrrole cyanines utilized for in vivo
imaging.
fluorescence lifetimes (2.5-3.8 ns, compared to 1.11 ns for ICG) and they
have been examined as fluorescence lifetime probes for
in vivo
imaging.
103,166
5. PORPHYRINS, PHTHALOCYANINES, AND RELATED
MACROCYCLES
5.1. General characterization
Porphyrins are a class of macrocyclic aromatic compounds composed of four
pyrrole rings connected by methine bridges (
Chart 3.5
). Porphyrins are ubiq-
uitous in nature, as a heme cofactor of hemoglobin, cytochromes, and other
redox active enzymes, and, as more saturated analogs, in the photosynthetic
apparatus in plants and bacteria. Tetrapyrrolic macrocycles have been widely
examined for their unique optical and redox properties. In the biomedical
field, tetrapyrrolic macrocycles have been mainly investigated as photosensi-
tizers in photodynamic therapy.
167-169
Applications of porphyrins and their
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