Fluorescent Environment-Sensitive Dyes as Reporters of Biomolecular Interactions - Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science - page 35

CHAPTER TWO

Fluorescent Environment-
Sensitive Dyes as Reporters
of Biomolecular Interactions

Andrey S. Klymchenko, Yves Mely
Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Universit´ de Strasbourg, Facult´ de
Pharmacie, Illkirch Cedex, France

Contents
1. Introduction 36

2. Single-Band Solvatochromic Dyes: Design and Applications 39

2.1 Naphthalene sulfonic acid derivatives 41

2.2 Prodan 41

2.3 Improved Prodan analogues 42

2.4 4-Aminophthalimide analogues 43

2.5 Fluoroprobe 44

2.6 Dapoxyl Ò derivatives 44

2.7 NBD 44

2.8 Phenoxazine derivatives 44

2.9 New advanced solvatochromic dyes 45

3. Two-Band Solvatochromic Dyes Based on ESIPT 46

4. Applications of Two-Color Dyes for Monitoring Biomolecular Interactions 48

4.1 Monitoring conformational changes of proteins 48

4.2 Peptide - nucleic acid interactions 49

4.3 Protein - protein interactions 51

4.4 Peptide - membrane interactions 53

5. Conclusions 53

References 55

Abstract
Monitoring biomolecular interactions is a fundamental issue in biosensing, with
numerous applications ranging from biological research to clinical diagnostics. Fluores-
cent dyes capable of changing their color and brightness in response to changes of
their environment properties, the so-called environment-sensitive dyes, have recently
emerged as reporters of these interactions. The most well established of these are dyes
that undergo excited-state charge transfer showing red shift of their single emission
band with increase in the solvent polarity. The other promising class are dyes of the