Fluorescent Proteins as Visible In Vivo Sensors - Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science - page 395

RFP cancer-associated
fibroblast

RFP tumor-associated
macrophages

GFP tumor-associated
macrophages

CFP cancer-associated
fibroblast

30 m m

Figure 10.4 Stroma of patient pancreatic cancer after passage to RFP-, GFP-, and
CFP-nude mice. RFP cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) (yellow arrow) and GFP
tumor-associatedmacrophages (TAMs) (green arrows) in the tumor frompancreatic can-
cer patients grew in theCFPhost tumor. White arrow indicates CFPCAFs. Imagewas taken
with the Olympus FV1000 confocal microscope. Bar: 30 mm. 24

imaged longitudinally as they progressed in the noncolored nude mice. This
non-invasively imageable tumorgraft model will be valuable for screening
for effective treatment options for individual pancreatic cancer patients, as
well as for the discovery of improved agents for this treatment-resistant
disease. 26

6. REAL-TIME IMAGING OF TRAFFICKING CANCER CELLS

6.1. Real-time imaging of deforming cancer cells
in capillaries
The migration velocity of cancer cells in capillaries was measured by captur-
ing images of the dual-color fluorescent cells over time. The cells and nuclei
in the capillaries elongated to fit the width of these vessels. The average
length of the major axis of the cancer cells in the capillaries increased to ap-
proximately four times their normal length. The nuclei increased their
length 1.6 times in the capillaries. Cancer cells in capillaries over 8 m min
diameter could migrate up to 48.3 m m/h. These data suggest that the