Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 28.2
The four themes used for strategic objectives in the North and South Park Plans (from Braioni and
Tutino, 2007).
Water resources and river ecosystem interconnections
Wild State quality of the river bed, banks, riparian areas; buffer zones; water and sediment qualities; Environmental
Landscape quality of the fluvial corridor; minimum discharge rate for sustainable aquatic biota.
Monitoring sites for checking uses of the soil in the banks, riparian areas, river corridor and water in addition to those
required by Italian law.
Hydraulic risk; potential effects of human activities on the ecosystem, river bed, banks and river corridor, taking into
account influences upstream and downstream.
Territorial interconnections
The system of urban parks; network of green areas; alternative access network of protected footpaths, bicycle paths and
roads; accessibility by public transport; parking and interchange areas for switching between different modes of
transport.
Cultural interconnections
Activity centres in the park; for sport, music; cultural exchange.
Outdoor exhibition spaces; 'Land art' works; open-air museum for ecological, wildlife and landscape education.
Social and economic interconnections
Production of local goods with the Park brand; sale of park-branded products in the local markets, restaurants, caf es, and
corporate canteens; small-scale hospitality in a variety of locations.
was establishing a process involving a wide range
of stakeholders.
Land management options were identified on
the basis of opportunities provided by agri-
environment incentive payments that would
encourage rural development and benefit the
wider environment. Areas were suggested where
current farming practices could continue, and those
where types of farming with limited environmental
or ecological impacts could be encouraged by
(for example) maintaining or improving wildlife
features (e.g. hedgerows, ditches) and high quality
landscapes. The proposed activities were also
designed to be compatible with low-impact cultural
tourism.
A matrix approach to management options was
used, highlighting associated benefits and potential
impacts, allowing mitigation measures to alleviate
negative environmental effects to be identified
where appropriate. Priorities could therefore be
based on the integration of legal, social and
economic factors and assessing the consequences
of potential action. This approach was used to
develop 'Guidelines for environmental landscape
planning' (Braioni and Tutino, 2007) and used
in
Park. Each Plan provides strategic objectives and
coordinated actions for four inter-related themes
based on systems and connections (Table 28.2).
These promote: (i) the river ecosystem; (ii) links
between urban and green spaces (iii) cultural
exchange; and (iv) local socio-economic benefits.
The aim was to provide a clear direction for
management proposals, with the best way of
achieving an equitable distribution of benefits,
identifying priorities and recommending mitigation
measures where they were needed.
Discussion
Monitoring and evaluation
Monitoring and evaluation are essential
requirements for assessing good ecological
status and progress towards it under the WFD
(Council of the European Communities, 2000).
The biological and eco-hydrological monitoring
network recommended by the Environmental
Landscape Plan has been designed to assess
progress towards several management objectives,
notably: (i) improved control of flow variation
caused
plans
for
the
North
Park
and
the
South
by
hydro-electric
power
generation
