The Espace de Libert´e and Restoration of Fluvial Process: When Can the River Restore Itself and When Must we Intervene? - River Conservation and Management - page 224

Figure 18.11 View upstream to a riffle in Deer Creek, showing the location of piezometers and temperature sensors
upstream of the riffle (in downwelling groundwater) and in the riffle face (in upwelling groundwater). Photo by Mark
Tompkins, July 2005.

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Downwelling Water Temperature (°C)

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Figure 18.12 Diurnal fluctuations in water temperature in Deer Creek, measured in surface flows downwelling into
the gravel bed at the head of the riffle, and in hyporheic water emerging from the lower part of the riffle. Adapted from
Tompkins (2006).