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3
2
Alburnus alburnus
Leuciscus leuciscus
1
0
0 (1977-1978)
10 (1987-1988)
20 (1997-1998)
Biological year
3000
(b)
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Temperature
2.0
(c)
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.0
0.6
1.2
Thermophily
Figure 9.2 Three examples of biological trends consistent with warming effects in rivers: a) decline in the mean annual
catch per unit effort (CPUE) of two cool-water fish species during a period of warming in the Rh one system, France,
from 1979-1999 (Daufresne et al. , 2004); b) decline in the mean abundance of aquatic invertebrates in two upland
streams in the Tywi system, Wales, with increasing winter temperature over a 25 year period (1981-2005) (Durance
and Ormerod, 2007); and c) increases in the odds of capturing warm-water invertebrate families (i.e. those of high
thermophily) in streams in New South Wales with sampling date over a 13 year period (1994-2007) (after Chessman,
2009).
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