Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 9.7
Impacts of Different Systems of Fertilization from 1991 to 2011 on Yield of
Winter Wheat, Sugar Beet, and Maize (Mg/ha)
Increase by
Fertilization
Fertilized
Unfertilized,
Mg/ha
Crops
LSD
05
System of Fertilization
Mg/ha
Mg/ha
%
Winter
wheat
4.27
NPK 130 kg a.i./ha
5.22
0.95
22.2
0.41
NPK 130 kg/ha + 10 Mg/ha manure
5.33
1.06
24.8
NPK 130 kg/ha + 15 Mg/ha manure
5.25
0.98
23.0
15 Mg/ha manure
5.25
0.98
23.0
Sugar beet
30.3
NPK 130 kg a.i./ha
41.1
10.8
36.5
4.28
NPK 130 kg/ha + 10 Mg/ha manure
43.6
13.3
43.9
NPK 130 kg/ha + 15 Mg/ha manure
45.2
14.9
49.2
15 Mg/ha manure
43.1
12.9
42.2
Maize for
grain
6.24
NPK 130 kg a.i./ha
7.17
0.93
14.9
0.85
NPK 130 kg/ha + 10 Mg/ha manure
6.92
0.68
10.9
NPK 130 kg/ha + 15 Mg/ha manure
7.05
0.81
13.0
15 Mg/ha manure
7.00
0.76
12.2
All systems of fertilization increased the yields of all crops in the rotation, but
especially those of sugar beet and winter wheat. There are no differences in the yield
response to different systems of fertilization. However, the effects on soil fertility are
drastic (Table 9.8). Organo-mineral and organic systems of fertilization are reducing
the stocks of SOM to a lesser extent relative to the mineral system of fertilization.
The maximum loss of SOC at the rate of 0.33 Mg/ha/year occurred in the unfer-
tilized control. In comparison, the rate of SOC loss was lower (0.26 Mg/ha/year)
with the use of mineral fertilizers. Yet, even optimal rates of mineral fertilizers
combined with 15 Mg of FYM per hectare for each crop rotation did not mitigate
the annual losses of SOC. Furthermore, the losses are severe while consider-
ing the entire soil profile. While mineral, organo-mineral, and organic systems of
TABLE 9.8
Annual Losses of Soil Organic Carbon during 42 Years in Long-Term Field
Experiment with Different Systems of Fertilization in Crop Rotation
(Field No. 2)
Rate of Loss of Total Carbon,
Mg/ha/year, in 0-20 cm Layer
Nr. or No
System of Fertilization
1
Control (without fertilization)
0.33
2
NPK 130 kg a.i./ha
0.26
3
NPK 130 kg a.i./ha + 10 Mg/ha manure
0.13
4
NPK 130 kg a.i./ha + 15 Mg/ha manure
0.09
5
15 Mg/ha manure
0.12
