Modeling and Design of Net ZEBs as Integrated Energy Systems - Modeling, Design, and Optimization of Net-Zero Energy Buildings - page 55

have been developed to predict the electrical, thermal, and daylight
potential of BIPV systems, with various degrees of accuracy and modeling
approaches: analytical, numerical, and empirical.
Modeling the Electrical Performance
Several models can be used to estimate the electrical performance of PV
systems (Skoplaki and Palyvos, 2009). One of the simplest models assumes
that the efficiency of a PV module operating at the maximum power point is
linearly dependent on the PV cell temperature:
(2.24)
where is PV cell temperature (K), is PV cell temperature under
reference conditions (K), is PV module efficiency under reference
conditions 7) , is photovoltaic module efficiency, is maximum power
point efficiency temperature coefficient (%/K), P PV is photovoltaic module
power output at maximum power point (W) and G is total incident solar
radiation (Wm −2 ).
The maximum power point efficiency temperature coefficient ( ) is
specific to every module, is empirically determined, and is provided by the
manufacturer ( Table 2.1 ) . Such models are generally used in prefeasibility
tools like RETScreen (NRCan, 2010).