Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1.1
Challenges for smart Net ZEBs
Building
systems,
design and
operation
Current
buildings
Smart Net ZEBs
Building
fabric/
envelope
Passive, not
designed as an
energy system
Optimized for passive design and
integration of active solar systems
Heating,
ventilation
and air
conditioning
(HVAC)
Large oversized
systems
Small HVAC systems optimally
controlled; integrated with solar
systems, combined heat and power;
communities: seasonal storage and
district energy
Solar
systems/
renewables,
generation
No systematic
integration - an
afterthought
Fully integrated: daylighting, solar
thermal, photovoltaics, hybrid solar,
geothermal systems, biofuels, linked
with smart microgrids
Building
automation
systems
Building
automation
systems not used
effectively
Predictive building control to optimize
comfort and energy performance; online
demand prediction/peak demand
reduction
Design and
operation
The design and
operation of
buildings are
typically not
considered
together
Design and operation of buildings fully
integrated and optimized together
subject to satisfying comfort; integrated
design of the above four building
subsystems
1.1.1 Net ZEB Concepts
The convergence of the need for innovation and the requirement for drastic
reductions in energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the
building sector provides a unique opportunity to transform the way
buildings and their energy systems are conceived. Demand abatement
through passive design, energy efficiency, and conservation measures needs
to be simultaneously considered with integration of solar systems and
Search WWH ::
Custom Search