Building Performance Optimization of Net Zero-Energy Buildings - Modeling, Design, and Optimization of Net-Zero Energy Buildings - page 273

Fig. 5.11 Stage-3 optimization results (Hamdy, Hasan, and Siren, 2013).
Note that the fronts labeled “Front 1” and “Front 2” are the same as those in
Figure 5.10
5.3.4 Final Considerations About the Case Study
According to the Directive 2010/31/EU, the minimum LCC solution (global
cost-optimal solution) should be used by Member States when setting the
minimum energy performance requirements. However, a slightly higher
LCC solution could be preferable if it reduces the PEC significantly. Figure
5.11 shows the global and preferable cost-optimal designs. The difference
between the LCC of the cost-optimal solutions is 5 €/m 2 . Based on the
resulted global and preferable cost-optimal solutions, the calculated
minimum energy performance level of the single-family house in Finland is
103 or 92 kWh/m 2 a of primary energy, depending on the decision maker's
preferences. These cost-optimal energy performance levels are 40 and 47%
lower, respectively, than that for the reference case defined by the current
Finnish regulation.