Building Performance Optimization of Net Zero-Energy Buildings - Modeling, Design, and Optimization of Net-Zero Energy Buildings - page 271

from RES. The PEC is calculated by using nonrenewable primary energy
factors F according to the energy source ( Table 5.2 )

(5.5)

where

DHW Domestic hot water
DHW ele The electrical portion of domestic hot water,
Ele The electricity consumption,

E vh The electrical consumption of the HVAC system

E la The electrical consumption of the appliances and lighting

PV Photovoltaic

PV e The useful electricity produced by photovoltaic system.

Q c Space cooling energy demands,

Q h Space-heating energy demands
SH Space heating
SHele The electrical portion of space heating,
η SHS Efficiency of the space heating system

η DHWS Efficiency of the domestic hot water system
η dist Distribution efficiency of the heating system

η inverter Efficiency of the photovoltaic inverter

Equation (5.5) divides the energy demands ( Q h , Q DHW -d Q DHW , Q c ) by
the annual efficiencies to calculate the delivered ones (SH delivered ,
DHW delivered , dEle delivered ). According to the heating application (SH or