Net ZEB Design Processes and Tools - Modeling, Design, and Optimization of Net-Zero Energy Buildings - page 185

nature of the enterprise, as well as the acknowledgment that building
projects have become increasingly complex - with part of that complexity
being the integration of new technologies such as renewables into a
building.
The design phases that have been described in Section 4.2.2 form the
“traditional” design-bid-build project delivery method, which will serve as a
reference point for the innovative new project delivery models that follow.
- Construction management at-risk (CM@R): This method adds a
construction manager to the traditional design process. The
construction manager's role is to provide to the design team
construction expertise, such as budgeting, scheduling, cost control,
sequencing, and technology integration, site and subtrade coordination
early on in the design process. The term at-risk refers to the fact that it
is the construction manager who holds the trade contracts and the
performance risk for the construction. Some overlapping of phases
usually occurs, aiding in the Net ZEB design process. Although the
design and construction teams work together, they hold separate
contracts with the building owner.
- Design-build (DB): This method integrates the design and
construction teams into one legal entity stemming from building
owners' desire for one single point of responsibility for design and
construction. Projects benefit fully from the expertise of both designers
and construction experts working together from the early design stages.
This permits more feedback loops and collaboration since design phases
are more fluid with simple tasks being shortened and more complex
ones lengthened or continued after the start of construction. Since
designers and contractors are now part of the same team, their goals are
closely aligned and innovation is encouraged. The NREL used this
model in conjunction with the integrated design process in the
realization of their RSF. See the relevant case study in Chapter 7 .
- Integrated Project Delivery (IPD): This method proposes a
multiparty arrangement between, at a minimum, the building owner,
the building professionals, and the contractor. Unlike the other delivery
methods, in IPD each party is an equal stakeholder in the project, and
share both the risk and the reward in the project. Their relationships
must be based on mutual respect and trust for what each member
brings to the project. Collaboration in innovation and decision making