Comfort Considerations in Net ZEBs: Theory and Design - Modeling, Design, and Optimization of Net-Zero Energy Buildings - page 130

levels: a standard level corresponding to 80% of acceptability (or equally, to
20% of dissatisfaction) and a level corresponding to a 90% of acceptability
(or equally, to a 10% of dissatisfaction). Under this assumption, some
acceptability thresholds could be suggested for the long-term discomfort
indices in the adaptive and Fanger versions ( Table 3.5 ) .

Table 3.5 Proposal for thresholds to be used with the Long-term
Percentage of Dissatisfied

Type of
building

Version of LPD Threshold for

LPD
80%
acceptability

90%
acceptability

Conditioned Fanger LPD ≤ 30% LPD ≤ 17%

Free-floating Adaptive (both European and
American)

LPD ≤ 20% LPD ≤ 10%

Building Optimization as Minimization of Thermal Discomfort
Since long-term discomfort indices allow comfort to be assessed from
building simulation, they can be used within multiobjective optimization
problems. Thus, the optimization problem results in a bi-objective
optimization.

(3.21)

An example of this optimization approach is presented in Section 5.4.
This section on thermal comfort has discussed traditional thermal comfort
models, adaptive thermal comfort, and finally long-term thermal comfort
indices and their application. Thermal comfort is also discussed in Chapters
5 and 7 through examples and case studies.

3.3 Daylight and Visual Comfort

3.3.1 Introduction

Occupants clearly prefer having windows in their working environment as
a means of illumination and view to the outdoors (Boyce, Hunter, and