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experiments were excluded because the subjects did not complete all
the necessary questionnaires. Thus, the corpus consisted of data sets
from 130 subjects. Seventy of them were between 18 and 28 years old
('young'; mean = 23.2; median = 23.0; std = 2.9; 35 males, 35 females),
and 60 of them were 60 years old or older ('elderly'; mean = 68.1;
median = 67.0; std = 4.8; the oldest subject was 81 years old; 29 males,
31 females). Within the young group, 44 subjects had a high school
diploma, and 26 had none. Within the elderly group, 35 subjects had a
high school diploma or a university degree and 25 subjects had none.
In addition to the main experiment, 73 of the subjects, balanced in
age, educational level, sex, and group (control group vs. experimental
group), underwent a semi-structured interview (Lange and Frommer,
2011).
5. Analyses on Linguistic Structures,
Rapport and Politeness
Linguistic analyses of the LAST MINUTE transcripts were an essential
prerequisite for an in-depth investigation of the dialog and problem-
solving behavior of the subjects during the WoZ experiments (Rösner
et al., 2012b). A long-term goal is the correlation of findings from
these analyses with socio-demographic and psychometric data from
the questionnaires.
5.1 Motivation
The subjects in our WoZ experiments were only told that they would
interact in spoken language with a new type of system that would
be personalized, and thus would therefore ask some questions and
pose some tasks. They did not receive explicit instructions about the
linguistic constructions and interaction patterns that were possible or
impossible to use during the interaction. How do people with differing
technical backgrounds interact in such a situation? In the following,
we report on the three areas investigated:
What were the preferred linguistic structures employed by the
subjects?
Did the users adapt to the language of the system, i.e. did they
create rapport?
Did the subjects express politeness during their utterances?
The answers to these questions were relevant for interpreting from
the linguistic evidence as to how the subjects may have experienced
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