A Framework for Emotions and Dispositions in Man-Companion Interaction - Coverbal Synchrony in Human-Machine Interaction - page 128

6.1 Measures of subjective experience
The Self-Affective Manikin (Bradley and Lang, 1994) can determine
the variables valence, arousal and dominance and assess them on a
scale from 1 to 9. The rating scale for valence means: “1” is absolutely
negative, “5” is neutral and “9” is absolutely positive; for arousal, it
means: “1” is absolutely relaxed, “5” is average arousal and “9” is
high arousal; and for dominance, “1” means absolute control. The
Differential Emotion Scale (DES; Izard et al., 1974) consists of 10
emotion categories (interest, joy, sadness, anger, fear, guilt, disgust,
surprise, shame, shyness) with three emotion adjectives each.
The Performance Motivation Inventory (Schuler and Prochaska, 2000)
integrates several dimensions of the performance-oriented personality:
Perseverance, dominance, commitment, confi dence in success, fl exibility,
fl ow, fearlessness, internality, compensatory effort, pride in performance,
willingness to learn, preference for diffi culties, independence, self-
control, status orientation, competition orientation and level of ambition.
The analysis may be dimension-specifi c or as a general value. The results
are presented in the form of a profi le.
Need for Cognition: The Need for Cognition concept can be individually
determined with the German version “Skala zur Erfassung von
Engagement und Freude bei Denkaufgaben”. The scale is subdivided
into three factors: 1. Pleasure from engaging in thinking and solving
brain teasers, 2. Positive self-assessment of one's own cognitive abilities
and 3. Brooding and conscientiousness (Bless et al., 1994).
The NEO-FFI is a proven method to measure fi ve different personality
traits: Agreeability, openness, extroversion, neuroticism and
conscientiousness. The NEO-FFI consists of 60 questions, 12 for each
trait. This model is a data-based, cross-sectional and empirically proven
model. The following internal consistencies are provided for the NEO-FFI:
Neuroticism = .79, extroversion = .79, openness = .80, agreeability = .75,
conscientiousness = .73. The output format is a fi ve-point Likert scale.
The ERQ (Abler and Kessler, 2009; based on Gross and John, 2003)
makes it possible to scientifi cally research emotion regulation processes.
Preferences for two frequently used strategies can be identified:
suppression and reappraisal. To determine these two parameters, 10
items each are provided, which can be rated from 1 (“do not agree at
all”) to 7 (“agree completely”). The German version reaches an internal
consistency of r = .74 for “suppression” and r = .76 for “reappraisal”.