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scoring high on this factor are often characterized as artistically inclined,
imaginative, inquisitive and intellectual. Conscientiousness describes
the degree of reliability, organization, deliberateness and effi ciency an
individual displays. The agreeability factor mainly describes to what
extent an individual is altruistic. The more agreeable an individual is,
the more empathetic, understanding and cooperative that individual
can be described. The fi ve factors can be measured with a standardized
questionnaire, the NEO-FFI (Costa and McCrae, 2002).
The term emotion regulation refers to the ability to infl uence one's
emotions in an active and targeted manner and not to interpret them as
the consequence of another person's actions or the environment, which
one cannot control. Emotion regulation consists of the following steps:
the experience feeling must be detected, followed by a refl ection about
which response would be appropriate in order to avoid any refl exive
or impulsive actions. Individuals with good emotion regulation show
indications for mental diseases less often.
The attribution style defines which type of cause attribution an
individual performs in order to explain his or her own behavior or
the behavior of others. Different researchers have proposed different
dimensions describing the attribution. The most frequently used
dimensions are the distinction between internal/external and stable/
variable.
The need for cognition is a personality attribute that describes how often
and how much an individual likes to think about a topic. Individuals
scoring high for this attribute enjoy thinking intensively about various
situations and topics. Opinions are formed by way of an intensive
review of the arguments. An exchange of opinions may therefore lead
to a stable change in opinion. Individuals scoring low for this attribute
generally use peripheral attributes such as attractiveness, credibility,
etc., but the quality of the arguments seems rather unimportant. When
such individuals change their opinion, the status is unstable, which is
why it seems to be much more diffi cult to predict such an individual's
behavior than for an individual with a high need for cognition. This
construct can be measured with a standardized questionnaire, the need
for cognition scale (Bless et al., 1994), and will be addressed in further
detail in the operationalization section.
4.5 How to embed the process model
in a companion system
At the beginning of an emotional event, there is an exogenic or
endogenic stimulus. The individual confronted with the event is
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