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8
Related Work in the Area of Semantic Web
Service Frameworks
WSMO is not the only initiative aimed towards Semantic Web services. Other
major initiatives in the area are documented by recent W3C member submis-
sions: OWL-S [87], SWSF [9], and WSDL-S [1]. In this chapter, we shall give
an overview of these related efforts, highlight their differences, and explain
their relation to WSMO.
8.1 OWL-S
OWL-S [87] is an OWL service ontology for describing various aspects of Web
services. The initiative has its roots in the DAML Service Ontology (DAML-
S), the first version of which was released in May 2001. At the time, it was the
first progressive effort towards semantic annotation of Web services. OWL-S
has currently reached version 1.1, which was submitted as a member submis-
sion to the W3C in November 2004 by Nokia, the University of Maryland,
the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Network Infer-
ence, SRI International, France Telecom, Stanford University, Toshiba, and
the University of Southampton.
By switching from DAML+OIL to OWL, OWL-S tried to adopt existing
Semantic Web recommendations yet still maintain bindings to the world of
Web services by linking OWL-S descriptions to existing WSDL descriptions.
We shall now take a closer look at the top-level concepts of the OWL-S on-
tology.
The ontology itself defines the top-level concept “Service” and three OWL-
S subontologies known as the “Service Profile”, “Service Model”, and “Service
Grounding”, all of which are illustrated in Fig. 8.1.
8.1.1 Service Profile
Each instance of the service class
presents
zero or more service profiles. A
service profile expresses “what a service does” for the purposes of advertis-
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