Cultural Routes and Heritage Trails - Tourism and Trails: Cultural, Ecological and Management Issues - page 45

economic development and conservation (Javaheri, 2011; Orbaşli, 2000;
Wang & Hji-Avgoustis, 2011). Several types of urban heritage trails can be
identified, but the most common type is self-directed interpretive walking
tours that thematically link together places of historical or cultural signifi-
cance. Brochures, maps and audio recordings are central to helping visitors
navigate the physicality of places as they play a crucial role in providing
information, interpretation and promotion (Markwell et al. , 2004; O'Brien &
Curtis, 1979). These trails are typically marked with signs, plaques and
walkways. In some historic cities, ancient walls form the basis of heritage
walks, resembling some of the characteristics noted earlier in the discussion
of organic routes (Ashworth & Bruce, 2009). The ancient walls of Girona,
Spain, and Rothenburg ob der Tauber, Germany, are two prominent European
examples (Donaire & Galí, 2008) (Figure 2.9).
There are as many different types of urban trails as there are urban
issues. Some provide overviews of distinct architectural styles, or highlight
historic spots associated with a famous resident's life. Other popular themes
include ethnic neighborhoods, nationalistic heritage, early settlers, public art
and sculptures, film locations, and various political themes (Hayes &
MacLeod, 2007; Hull, 1996).
In their case study from Okinawa, Japan, Miyakuni and Vander Stoep
(2005, 2006) showed how important historic sites in the city of Shuri are
connected by physical, informational, visual, transportation, interpretation,
economic and promotional linkages. The Gaudi Trail, a walking tour in
Barcelona, Spain, leads tourists to the modernist architectural achievements
of Antoni Gaudi, including La Cassa Batlló, La Pedrera, Park Güell and the
cathedral of La Sagrada Familia (Usón, 2002). The 11 km Diana Princess of
Figure 2.9 A trail on the ancient city walls of Girona, Spain