Climate Change in the Arctic - The Changing Arctic Environment: The Arctic Messenger - page 314

2 IPCC, 2013. “Summary for Policymakers.” In Stocker et al. (eds.), Climate Change 2013: The Physical
Science Basis , p. 5. Cambridge, UK, and New York: Cambridge University Press.
3 IPCC, 2013. “Summary for Policymakers.” In Stocker et al. (eds.), Climate Change 2013: The Physical
Science Basis , p. 17. Cambridge, UK, and New York: Cambridge University Press.
4 The last three of these substances do not occur naturally.
5 To describe the volume of water transported by an ocean current, oceanographers use a unit called a
sverdrup , or Sv. One Sv is equivalent to a volume transport of 1 million cubic metres per second.
6 IPCC, 2013. “Summary for Policymakers.” In Stocker et al. (eds.), Climate Change 2013: The Physical
Science Basis , p. 27. Cambridge, UK, and New York: Cambridge University Press.
7 A more detailed review of commitment can be found in Appendix V .
8 IPCC, 2013. “Summary for Policymakers.” In Stocker et al. (eds.), Climate Change 2013: The Physical
Science Basis , p. 17. Cambridge, UK, and New York: Cambridge University Press.
9 Having said this, I would be wise not to mention any particular individuals, but some names keep crop-
ping up, as the ACIA and the subsequent SWIPA continue to stimulate new understanding. They include
David Barber, Jim Berner, Terry Callaghan, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Henry Huntington, Margareta Johans-
son, Harold Loeng, Gordon McBean, Walter Meier, Mark Nuttall, Morten Skovgaard Olsen, James Over-
land, Terry Prowse, James Reist, Hjálmar Vilhjálmsson, John Walsh and Betsy (Elizabeth) Weatherhead.
10 If you are interested, there is an expanded discussion on the use of scenarios and models in Appendix
II entitled: What will happen in the future if we do nothing or if we try very hard to aggressively reduce
GHG emissions?
11 The HadCRUT data sets are standardized collections of monthly temperature records over a global
grid. There have been several iterations of these data sets. The number 4.2 specifies which iteration is be-
ing referenced. Their use enables climate scientists from all over the world to use the same data.
12 Moving objects are deflected to the right of their path in the Northern Hemisphere (to the left in the
Southern Hemisphere). It is known as the Coriolis effect and plays an important role in determining the
movements of air and water. A more detailed explanation is given in Appendix III .
13 A gigatonne (Gt) is 1 billion, or 10 9 tonnes.