Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Rock colors
Wells, N.A. (2002): Quantitative evaluation of color mea-
surements: I. Triaxial stereoscopic scatter plates. - Sedi-
mentary Geology 151 , 1-15
Folk, R.C. (1969): Toward greater precision in rock-color ter-
minology. - Geol. Soc. America Bull., 80 , 725-728
Flügel, E., Tietz, G.F. (1971): Über die Ursachen der Bunt-
färbung in Oberrhät-Riffkalken (Adnet, Salzburg). - Neues
Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen,
139 , 29-42
Goddard, E.N., Trask, P.D., De Ford, R.K., Rove, O.N.,
Singewald, J.T., Overbeck, R.M. (1948): Rock-color chart.
- Geological Society of America
Patnode, H.W. (1941): Relation of organic matter to color of
sedimentary rocks. - Amer. Ass. Petrol. Geol. Bull., 25 , 1921-
1933
Wright, W.D. (1969): The measurement of color. - 340 pp.,
London (Hilger)
9 Do not restrict sampling to microfacies alone, but
also collect macrofossils and specific micropaleon-
tological samples.
10 Record the sampling locality and the beds sampled
in field photographs and detailed sketches.
Basics: Field work
Field methods and graphic record
Allen, J.R.L. (1982): Sedimentary structures. Their charac-
ter and physical basis. - Development in Sedimentology,
30 , 1258 pp., Amsterdam (Elsevier)
Collinson, J.D., Thompson, D.B. (1988): Sedimentary struc-
tures. - 2nd edition, 208 pp., London (Allen and Unwin)
Dietrich, R.V., Dutro, J.T., Foose, R.M. (1982): AGI data
sheets for geology in the field, laboratory, and office. -
2nd edition, Boulder (American Geological Institute)
Gagliardi, R., Kälin, O., Morreale, E., Pataca, E., Scandone,
F., Sprugnole, R. (1980): Una banca dati geologici del
progetto finalizzato geodinamica. - Consiglio Nazionale
delle Ricerche. Progetto Finalizzato Geodinamica, Pub-
blicazione, 393 , 1-90
Leeder, M.R. (1982): Sedimentology. Process and product. -
344 pp., Boston (Allen and Unwin)
Lewis, D.W., McConchie, D.M. (1994): Practical sedimen-
tology. 2nd ed. - 256 pp., New York (Chapman and Hall)
Reijers, T.J.A., Mijnlieff, H.F., Pestman, P.J., Kouwe, W.F.P.
(1993): Lithofacies and their interpretation: a guide to
standardised description of sedimentary deposits. -
Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, 49 , 1-55
Shell International Exploration and Production B.V., The
Hague (1995): Standard Legend 1995. - Document and
CD-ROM version
Tucker, M.E. (1982): The field description of sedimentary
rocks. - Geological Society of London, Handbook Series,
2 , 112 pp., London (Open University Press)
Tucker, M.E. (ed., 1988): Techniques in sedimentology. -
416 pp., Oxford (Blackwell)
Sampling
Griffith, J.C. (1967): Scientific method in analysis of sedi-
ments. - 508 pp., New York (McGraw-Hill)
Schindel, D.W. (1980): Microstratigraphic sampling and the
limits of paleontologic resolution. - Paleobiology, 6 , 408-
426
Further reading: K003, K004, K014, K015, K016
3.2 Laboratory Work: Techniques
Originally strongly focused on the study of thin sec-
tions, peels or slices with the aid of low to medium
po wer binocular and petrographical microscopy, the
combined use of conventional thin-section data and
more sophisticated detailed microscopy (SEM, cathodo-
luminescence and fluorescence microscopy) as well as
mineralogical and geochemical studies have proved to
be of high potential in the application of microfacies
analysis. Valuable summaries of techniques are found
in Müller (1967), and especially in Tucker (1981). The
latter topic includes excellent overviews of diverse mi-
croscopical methods, cathodoluminescence micros-
copy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder dif-
fraction and chemical analysis of sedimentary rocks.
Texts covering the paleontological aspects of micro-
facies studies are listed in Sect. 10.4.
Bedding, sedimentary and biogenic structures
Bromley, R.G. (1996): Trace fossils: biology, taphonomy and
applications. - 2nd ed., Dordrecht (Kluwer)
Cole, R.D., Picard, M.D. (1975): Primary and secondary sedi-
mentary structures in oil shale and other fine-grained rocks,
Green River Formation (Eocene), Utah and Colorado. -
Utah Geology, 2 , 49-67
Campbell, C.V. (1967); Lamina, laminaset, bed and bedset. -
Sedimentology, 8 , 7-26
Droser, M.L., Bottjer, D.J. (1986): A semiquantitative field
classification of ichnofabric. - J. Sed. Petrol., 56 , 558-599
Goldring, R. (1991): Fossils in the field. Information poten-
tial and analysis. - 218 pp., London (Longman)
Kendall, C.G.St.C., Warren, J. (1987): A review of the origin
and setting of tepees and their associated fabrics. - Sedi-
mentology, 34 , 1007-1027
Kidwell, S.M., Holland, S.M. (1991): Field description of
coarse bioclastic fabrics. - Palaios, 6 , 426-454
Lewis, D.W., McConchie, D.M. (1993): Practical sedimen-
tology. - 256 pp., London (Chapman and Hall)
Lumsden, D.N. (1971): Facies and bed thickness distribu-
tions of limestones. - J. Sed. Petrol., 41 , 593-598
Plummer, P.S., Gostin, V.A. (1981): Shrinkage cracks: desic-
cation or synaeresis. - J. Sed. Petrol., 51 , 1147-1156
3.2.1 Slices, Peels and Thin Sections
The composition, fabric and texture of carbonate rocks
are studied in slices, peels, or thin sections which may
be etched or stained in various phases of preparation
in order to emphasize specific criteria. Various tech-
niques and methods are described by Adams et al.
(1984) and Miller (1988).
Slices: Oiling and gentle etching of cut and smooth-
ened carbonate rock faces exhibit otherwise cryptic fab-
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