Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
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Further reading:
K178, K180, K192
15.8 Pelagic
Deep-Marine Carbonates
Deep-marine basins in open-marine and deep shelf set-
tings are characterized by pelagic sediments. Carbon-
ate pelagic sediments originate from particle-by-par-
ticle sedimentation of skeletal debris of planktonic or-
ganisms from suspensions. Today coccolithophorids
(planktonic algae; Pl. 7/3) and pteropods (pelagic gas-
tropods) make up the calcareous oozes distributed in
deeper-water settings, including the ocean floor, sea-
mounts, mid-oceanic ridges and outer continental
shelves (Sect. 2.4.5.3).
Pelagic carbonates have been reviewed by Scholle
et al. (1983), Leggett (1985), Jenkyns (1986), and
Tucker (1990).
Pelagic limestones are well represented in the Me-
sozoic and Cenozoic, but they appear to be less com-
mon in the Paleozoic (Box 15.4).
Most studies describing ancient 'deep-marine' lime-
stones are focused on allochthonous carbonates depos-
ited in slope or basinal settings. Microfacies studies of
autochthonous pelagic carbonates make up less than
20% of the total of papers dealing with the lithofacies
and biofacies of carbonate rocks. One of the reasons
for this significant bias may be the rather simple and
somewhat monotonous composition of pelagic lime-
stones in thin sections. Pelagic carbonates must be stud-
ied using combined geochemical, sedimentological and
paleontological methods.
15.8.1 Setting, Controls and Biota of Pelagic
Limestones
Setting:
Pelagic carbonates are deposited over a wide
range of settings from continental margins on drowned
carbonate platforms to slopes and to basins (Fig. 15.30).
