Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Brand, U., Veizer, J. (1981): Chemical diagenesis of a multi-
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Elderfield, H. (1986): Strontium isotope stratigraphy. -
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Joachimski,M. (1991): Stabile Isotopen (C, O) und Geo-
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und Diagenese (Berriasian/Schweizer und Französischer
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Geological Magazine,
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, 99-124
Popp, B.N., Anderson, T.F., Sandberg, P.A. (1986): Brachio-
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some Palaeozoic limestones. - Geological Society of
America, Bulletin,
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, 1262-1269
Rasser, M., Fenninger, A. (2002): Paleoenvironmental and
diagenetic implications of δ
18
O and δ
13
C isotope ratios
from the Upper Jurassic Plassen limestone (Northern Cal-
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35
, 41-49
Schidlowski, M. (2000): Carbon isotopes and microbial sedi-
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Schulz, H.D., Zabel, M. (eds., 2000): Marine geochemistry.
- 455 pp., Berlin (Springer)
Veizer, J., Hoefs, J. (1976): The nature of O
18
/O
16
and C
13
/
C
12
secular trends in sedimentary carbonate rocks. - Geo-
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, 1387-1395
Veizer, J., Fritz, P., Jones, B. (1986): Geochemistry of bra-
chiopods: Oxygen and carbon isotope records of Paleo-
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50
,
1679-1696
Wadleigh, M.A., Veizer, J. (1992):
18
O/
16
O and
13
C/
12
C in
lower Paleozoic articulate brachiopods: Implications for
the isotopic composition of seawater. - Geochimica et
Cosmochimica Acta,
56
, 431-443
Wefer, G., Berger, W.H. (1991): Isotope paleontology: growth
and composition of extant calcareous species. - Marine
Geology,
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, 207-248
Wenzel, B,C. (1997): Isotopenstratigrapische Untersuchungen
an silurischen Abfolgen und deren paläoozeanographische
Interpretation. - Erlanger Geologische Abhandlungen,
129
, 1-117 (cum lit. !)
Further reading:
K157, K158 (stable isotopes in sediments),
K159 (stable isotopes in organisms and fossils)
phering the original oxygen and carbon isotope signa-
tures of carbonate rocks. The value of stable isotope
data in paleoenvironmental and facies interpretation of
ancient carbonates and carbonate skeletons depends
strongly on the critical assessment of possible diage-
netic alterations of the material investigated (Fig. 3.9).
Diagenetic alterations of shells may be identified by
investigating trace elements, cathodoluminescence and
shell microstructures (critical remarks in Barbin and
Gaspard 1995).
Early meteoric diagenesis and burial diagenesis can
greatly alter the original isotope ratios incorporated in
skeletons or carbonate rocks (Censi and Montana 1994).
Diagenetic alterations of micrites may be reflected by
strontium and carbonate contents as well as by SEM
and cathodoluminescence data.
The use of stable isotopes in facies analyses of ancient
carbonates
Stable isotope studies have been successfully ap-
plied to Phanerozoic carbonates of all ages and to car-
bonates formed on ramps (Joachimski 1991) and plat-
forms (Weis and Preat 1994; Rasser and Fenninger
2002), reefs (Aharon 1991), slopes and basins (Jenkyns
and Clayton 1986; Masaryk et al. 1993).
Measurements cover whole rock samples, the mi-
critic matrix (aiming at differentiating allomicrites and
automicrites), inter- and intraparticle cements (aiming
at differentiating shallow-marine, burial and meteoric
conditions), as well as individual grains (e.g. oncoids,
ooids) and well-preserved shells. A common tool of
these studies is the search for isotopic signals that would
indicate changes from marine to meteoric conditions
and subaerial exposure of the depositional environment,
or depositional breaks. The basic prerequisite for the
successful application of stable isotopes to facies analy-
ses of limestones is the
combination of the geochemi-
cal data
with field observations, paleontological fea-
tures and microfacies criteria (Samtleben 2000; Mun-
necke et al. 2003).
Basics: Stable isotopes
Arthur, M.A., Anderson, T.F., Kaplan, I.R., Veizer, J., Land,
L.S. (1983): Stable isotopes in sedimentary geology. - Soc.
Econom. Paleont. Miner., Short Course,
10
, 1-151
Banner, J.J. (1995): Application of the trace element and iso-
tope geochemistry of strontium to studies of carbonate di-
agenesis. - Sedimentology,
42
, 805-824
Barrera, E., Tevesz, M.J.S. (1990): Oxygen and carbon iso-
topes: utility for environmental interpretation of recent and
fossil invertebrate skeletons. - In: Carter, J.G. (ed.): Skel-
etal biomineralization: patterns, processes and evolution-
ary trends. Volume I. - 557-566, New York (Van Nostrand)
Berger, H., Vincent, E. (1986): Deep-sea carbonates: Read-
ing the carbon-isotope signal. - Geologische Rundschau,
75
, 249-269
